Perioperative operations · 20 August 2026 · Pathways

Cancellations are an information problem

Most day-of-surgery cancellations are caused by information that existed weeks before the operation but reached the anaesthetist too late to act on. Because the limiting factor is timing rather than clinical thoroughness, cancellation rates respond to moving assessment to the point of booking far more than to assessing more carefully at the clinic.

A case is cancelled at 07:12. The patient has been fasted since midnight, is gowned, and has arranged for a family member to take the day off work. The chart is opened properly for the first time and it shows uncontrolled diabetes and an SGLT2 inhibitor that was never withheld. The list loses a slot it cannot backfill at that notice.

Nothing in that sequence is a clinical failure. The anaesthetist made exactly the right call with the information available at 07:12. The problem is that the same information was available on the day the patient was booked, nineteen days earlier, when it could have changed the outcome instead of ending it.

The pattern generalises

Look at a run of cancellations and the specifics vary while the shape does not. Four causes account for most of them:

  • Medication management that was never planned. SGLT2 inhibitors are the standing example, because withholding must begin days ahead and because patients describe them as “a tablet for sugar”.
  • Comorbidity that was never optimised. Poor glycaemic control, uncontrolled hypertension, anaemia — all modifiable, all requiring a window.
  • Risk that was never screened. Undiagnosed obstructive sleep apnoea changes the anaesthetic plan, but only if the eight STOP-Bang questions were asked.
  • Logistics that were never confirmed. No escort home, fasting instructions misunderstood, no discharge support.

In each case the determining fact existed well before the morning of surgery. It was not discovered late because it was hidden. It was discovered late because nobody looked until the point at which looking no longer helps.

Why “assess more carefully” does not fix it

The instinctive response to a cancellation is to tighten the pre-admission process — a longer questionnaire, a more thorough clinic visit, another checklist. This improves the quality of assessment for the patients who reach the clinic, and does nothing for the patients who do not.

That is the constraint. A pre-admission clinic booked out three weeks ahead is not short of clinical capability; it is short of a mechanism for deciding who should be in it. Slots fill in booking order, which reliably produces a clinic of healthy ASA 1 and 2 patients while the frail 82-year-old with poor functional capacity is handled by a fifteen-minute phone call. Assessing the people in the room more carefully cannot reach the people who were never in it.

The lever is timing

If the determining information is knowable at booking, then the question worth asking is not how thorough the assessment is but how early it happens.

Moving assessment to the point of booking changes what a finding is. A patient-reported HbA1c of “around nine” discovered nineteen days out is an optimisation window. The same finding discovered at 07:12 on the day is a cancellation. The clinical content is identical; only the remaining time differs.

This is also why the intervention has to cover every booked patient rather than the ones who look high-risk. The patients who cancel lists are, by definition, the ones whose risk was not visible in advance — if it had been visible, they would have been assessed. Screening the obviously complex patients catches the cases you were already going to catch.

What this asks of a service

Screening every patient at booking is not realistic as a manual process. It means contacting several hundred patients a month, taking a structured history from each, reconciling their actual medications against a referral letter that may be months old, and applying consistent screening criteria across all of it — work that scales linearly with list volume and that no pre-admission clinic has the staffing to absorb.

That is the specific problem Pathways was built for: a voice agent that takes the structured history from home, medication capture that reads the boxes rather than trusting recall, and deterministic screening that applies the same guideline-referenced criteria to every patient. What it produces is not a better clinic visit. It is a queue that is ordered by risk, early enough for the ordering to matter.

The measure of whether it works is not how good the assessments are. It is whether the fact that would have cancelled the case arrives while there is still time to act on it.

FAQ

Related questions

How does Pathways reduce day-of-surgery cancellations?

Pathways screens every patient at the moment of booking rather than at the pre-admission clinic, so the findings that cause cancellations — unwithheld SGLT2 inhibitors, poor glycaemic control, undiagnosed sleep apnoea, missing discharge support — surface weeks ahead, while the list can still be optimised, rescheduled or backfilled.

The lever is timing rather than thoroughness. In almost every cancelled case the determining fact existed weeks earlier; it simply had not reached the anaesthetist while there was still time to act on it.

That also means the screening has to cover every booked patient, not the ones who look complex on paper. The patients who cancel lists are by definition the ones whose risk was not visible in advance.

How long does it take to deploy Pathways?

Days rather than quarters. Because Pathways runs standalone over SMS with no PMS or EMR integration required, a service can begin sending assessments on its next elective list. There is nothing for patients to install and no software to deploy on hospital workstations — the platform runs in a browser.

How is the Business tier priced?

Per site or by procedure volume, so the figure tracks the size of your pre-admission workload rather than a seat count. A short scoping conversation about your lists produces a fixed annual figure. Business is an annual agreement, invoiced yearly in advance.

Seat-count pricing does not describe this workload well. A pre-admission service might have three anaesthetists and eleven nurses, or the reverse, and the number of people who log in says very little about how many patients are being assessed. Volume does.

It also means adding a coordinator to the roster does not change what you pay, which removes a small but real disincentive to putting the right people in front of the queue.

Can we audit why a patient was cleared or flagged?

Yes. Pathways keeps org-wide and per-patient audit logs with full workflow tracing on every risk analysis — the inputs used, the rule version that fired, the output produced, and the human who reviewed it, all timestamped. Logs are exportable for governance committees, M&M review and accreditation.

Because the safety-critical rules are deterministic and versioned, an audit is reproducible rather than merely archived: re-running a case against the rule version recorded at the time produces the same flags. That is the property that lets a decision made in March be examined in September without argument about whether the system “would have said something different”.

What happens to patients who are not high risk?

They proceed. Every completed profile carries a triage recommendation — anaesthetist review, pre-admission clinic, telephone review, or no further assessment — so clinic slots go to moderate-risk patients and anaesthetist time goes to red flags. Low-risk patients are not routed into a clinic appointment they do not need.

This is the throughput argument, and it runs in both directions. A pre-admission clinic booked out three weeks ahead with mostly healthy ASA 1 patients is not short of capacity so much as misallocating it. Screening every patient at booking makes the queue orderable by risk rather than by whoever called first.

What happens if a patient doesn't complete their assessment?

The tracker shows exactly where they stopped — sent, opened, part-way through, or expired — and automated reminders go out without anyone chasing. A link can be resent in one click. Because the status is visible per patient rather than inferred from silence, an incomplete assessment becomes a task on a list instead of a discovery on the day of surgery.

Non-completion is normal and expected — it is why the tracker exists. The failure mode worth designing against is not the patient who does not finish, but the service that does not know they did not finish until the pre-admission clinic.

Patients who genuinely cannot complete a remote assessment are then a known, named group who can be routed to a phone call or a clinic slot deliberately, rather than turning up unassessed.

What if a patient has no smartphone, or can't use one?

They are identified as a group rather than missed. The assessment needs only a phone that receives SMS and opens a link — no app, no login, no account. Patients who cannot complete it that way show as incomplete on the tracker, so the service can route them to a telephone assessment or a clinic slot deliberately instead of discovering the gap later.

The design point is that remote assessment does not have to work for every patient to be worth doing. It has to work for enough of them that the clinic’s finite capacity can be pointed at the ones it does not work for — which includes patients without a suitable phone, patients who need an interpreter, and patients who would simply rather come in.

What Pathways changes is that this group is visible in advance and small enough to plan around, instead of being indistinguishable from everyone else on the list.

Does Pathways replace the pre-admission clinic?

No. It decides who should be in it. Every completed profile carries a triage recommendation — anaesthetist review, pre-admission clinic, telephone review, or no further assessment — so clinic slots go to the patients who need them. The clinic keeps doing the same work, for a different and better-chosen set of patients.

Most pre-admission clinics are not short of clinical capability. They are short of a mechanism for allocating their capacity, so slots fill in the order bookings arrive — producing a clinic of largely well patients while a frail patient with poor functional capacity gets a short phone call.

Screening every booked patient early makes the queue orderable by risk. The clinic’s capacity does not change; what changes is who is in it.

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